Chemistry 210 - Review Sheet for Exam #2

You should be familiar with key terms below. You should solve the assigned problems.

Please know how to produce nucleophiles, such as between Na and water:(2 HOH + 2 Na → H2 + 2 NaOH), where you produce H2 (by-product) and OH-, which is the better nucleophile than water.  

Chapter  4:
  • alcohols
  • alkyl halides
  • reaction mechanism
  • substitutive nomenclature
  • physical properties
  • dipole-dipole forces
  • hydrogen bonding
  • polarizability
  • acid - proton donor
  • base - proton acceptor
  • conjugate acid/base
  • oxonium ions
  • acid dissociation constant
  • subsitution
  • carbocation
  • inductive effect
  • nucleophile
  • electrophile
  • Lewis acid
  • Lewis base
  • SN1 & SN2 substitution
  • unimolecular reaction
  • bimolecular reaction
  • concerted reaction
  • alkylation reactions
  • alkane halogenation
  • free radical
  • homolytic cleavage
  • initiation reaction
  • propagation reaction
  • free-radical chain reaction

Chapter 5:
  • alkyne nomenclature
  • vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl
  • cycloalkene
  • sp3, sp2 hybridization
  • cis - trans isomerization
  • Z - E isomers
  • alkene stability
  • degree of substitution
  • van der Waals strain
  • Elimination reactions
  • E1 & E2 elimination
  • reaction mechanisms
  • regioselectivity
  • Zaitsev's rule
  • carbocation
  • carbocation rearrangments
  • 1,2-hydride shift
  • 1,2-methyl (alkyl) shift
  • dehydrohalogenation
  • dehydration reactions

General Review Information

  • reaction mechanisms
  • transition states
  • free energy of activation
  • nucleophiles
  • electrophiles
  • E1 & E2 elimination
  • electrophilic addition
  • Lewis acids & bases
  • carbocations
  • creation of nucleophiles
Chapter 6:
  • alkene nomenclature
  • vinyl group
  • vinylic hydrogen
  • allyl group
  • vinyl & allylic halides
  • relative alkene stabilities
  • cis (Z) - trans (E) hydrogenation
  • heat (ΔH) of hydrogenation
  • electrophilic addition
  • hydration reactions
  • dehydration reaction
  • Markovnikov addition
  • anti-Markovnikov addition
  • alkyloxonium ion
  • carbocation polymerization
  • polymer
  • borane - diborane addition
  • Lewis acid
  • four-center transition state
  • hydroboration-oxidation reaction
  • what is 9-BBN?
  • syn & anti addition
  • stereoselective reaction
  • catalytic hydrogenation
  • Raney nickel
  • Free energy of activation
  • Halogen addition to alkenes
  • halohydrin
  • bromonium ion
  • anti addition
  • ozone addition
  • permanganate oxidation