Chemistry 100 - Review Sheet for Exam #2
Chapter 4: Compounds
Valence electrons
Electron dot structures
Ions
Group number versus charge
Cations (+) - Na
+
, Al
3+
Anions (-) - O
2-
, Cl
-
Octet rule
Ionic compounds
Postive & negative balance
Naming compounds
NaCl - sodium chloride
FeCl
3
- iron(III) chloride
Ionic bond
Covalent bonds
Polar covalent bonds
Naming binary covalent compounds
Polyatomic ions
Chapter 5: Chemical Reactions
Chemical & physical changes
Chemical reactions
Reactant
Products
Coefficient
Balancing a chemical equations
Types of reactions
Combination reactions
Decomposition reactions
Replacement reactions
Double replacement reactions
Single replacement reactions
Combustion reactions
Oxidation - loss of electrons
Reduction - gain of electrons
Mole - Avogadro's number - 6.02 x 10
23
Molar mass & calculations
Mole-mole conversion factors
Using mole-mole factors in calculations
Mass calculations
Chapter 7: Gases
Pressure
Atmospheric pressure
Barometer
1 torr = 1 mm Hg
1 atm = 760 mm Hg
Vapor pressure
Boyle's Law (V=k/P)
P
1
V
1
= P
2
V
2
Inverse relationship
Charles' Law (V=bT)
V
1
/T
1
= V
2
/T
2
Direct relationship
Gay-Lussac's Law
Avogadro's Law
V = an
STP
Combined gas law
P
1
V
1
/T
1
= P
2
V
2
/T
2
PV=nRT
Partial pressure
Solubility Table for Common Ions
Soluble Ions
Insoluble Ions
Type II Metal Ions
Na
+
, K
+
, NH
4
+
(plus other Group I ions)
NO
3
-
Cl
-
(ex. Ag
+
, Pb
2+
, Hg
2
2+
)
SO
4
2-
(ex. Ba
2+
, Ca
2+
, Pb
2+
)
CO
3
2-
, CrO
4
2-
OH
-
(ex. Ba
2+
& Ca
2+
are soluble)
O
2-
, S
2-
PO
4
3-
Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
, Cu
+
, Cu
2+
Ag
+
, Zn
2+
, Cd
2+
, Pb
2+
Hg
2+
, Hg
2
2+
, Au
+
, Au
3+
Ni
2+
, Co
2+
, Co
3+
, Cr
3+
Sn
2+
, Sn
4+
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
Common Acids
Anion Names
Common Bases
Nitric acid -- HNO
3
Sulfuric acid -- H
2
SO
4
Phosphoric acid -- H
3
PO
4
Hydrochloric -- HCl
Carbonic -- H
2
CO
3
Nitrate ion -- NO
3
-
Sulfate ion -- SO
4
2-
Phosphate ion -- PO
4
3-
Chloride ions -- Cl
-
Carbonate ion -- CO
3
2-
NaOH - sodium hydroxide
KOH - potassium hydroxide
Ca(OH)
2
- calcium hydroxide
Ba(OH)
2
- barium hydroxide
NH
4
OH - ammonium hydroxide