Chemistry 211 - Review Sheet for Exam #4

Exam 4 will cover chapters 23 through 28. If there is an item listed that is not familiar to you, or we did not cover, you are not responsible for it.
Chapter 23: Aryl Halides:
  • Names
  • Reactions
  • EAS/NAS
  • Nitro-substituted aryl halides
  • Benzyne reactions

Chapter 24: Phenols

  • Names
  • Structure and bonding
  • Resonance structures
  • Phenol acidity
  • EAS
  • Acylation of phenols
  • Williamson synthesis
  • Aryl ethers

Approximate pKa values:

  • NH4+/NH3 ~ 9
  • RNH3+/RNH2 ~ 10.5
  • HOH/OH- ~ 15.7
  • ROH/RO- ~ 16
  • NH3/NH2- ~ 36
  • RH/R- ~ 50-60
Chapter 25: Carbohydrates
  • Carbohydrates
  • Monosaccharides
  • Aldose
  • Ketose
  • Polysaccharides
  • Fischer projection formulas
  • Enantiomers
  • Diastereomers
  • D- and L- configurations of carbohydrates
  • Glyceraldehyde
  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Ribose
  • Tollen's reagent
  • Mutarotation
  • Pyranose
  • Furanose
  • a-D-glucose
  • b-D-glucose
  • Epimer
  • Anomer
  • Haworth projections
  • Glycosides
  • Glycosylamines
  • Esterification
  • ATP
  • Lactose
  • Maltose
  • Cellobiose
  • Starch
  • Glycogen
  • Sucrose
  • Cellulose

Chapter 26: Lipids

  • Fatty acids
  • Triacylglycerides
  • Fatty acids
    • names for 12, 14, 16, 18 carbon fatty acids
  • Melting points
  • Phospholipids
  • Cholesterol
  • Prostaglandins

Chapter 27: Amino acids

  • Amino acids
  • Zwitterions
  • Alanine
  • Glycine
  • Phenylalanine
  • Peptide
  • Proteases
  • Amide bond
  • α-helix
  • Primary structure
  • Enzymes

Chapter 28: Nucleotides

  • Heterocycles
  • Pyridine
  • Purine
  • Pyrimidine
  • Adenine
  • Nucleoside
  • Adenosine
  • Nucleotide
  • AMP, ADP, ATP